Attention-Guided Deep Learning of Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Differentiate tussen Tumor Progression and Radiation Necrosis in Brain Metastasis

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a standard treatment for brain metastases; however, it may lead to radiation necrosis (RN). RN can be virtually indistinguishable from tumor progression (TP), which can have significant clinical implications on appropriate, time-sensitive treatment. This study investigated the effectiveness of multimodal chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), combined with T1/T2 mapping and/or conventional structural MRI, in addressing this diagnostic challenge, when analyzed through attention-guided deep learning.