Multivariable Normal Tissue Complication Probability Voorspelling of Early Grade Radiation-Induced Optic Neuropathy Using Visual Field Deficit in a Prospectieve Pencil Bean Scanning Proton Therapy Cohort

Radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) occurs in about 4% of extraocular tumors. Current predictive models reliably identify grade-4 RION when blindness is irreversible. We developed a sensitive multivariable Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) model integrating quantitative visual outcomes and dosiomics to predict earlier grade 2+ RION in a pencil beam scanning proton therapy cohort.